Cacaxtla

The Cacaxtla archaeological site is one of two ancient Mesoamerican settlements in Tlaxcala. The area was important politically, and as a religious and military center between 600 and 900 CE during what anthropologists and historians refer to as the Epiclassic period. The two sites are on either side of a strategically chosen valley.  

Cacaxtla is slightly better known as the multi-colored mural paintings are among the best preserved of their era. The detailed symbolism stands out for the mythological, ritual, and military depictions and show considerable influence of Maya and Teotihuacan cultural influences. One, known simply as a battle scene, depicts a confrontation between two groups of warriors, and has been key to understanding the political and military tensions of the time.

The Cacaxtla site consists of platforms, temples, patios, and palaces which served as a headquarters for a warrior elite who controlled important trade routes. The elevated area offered significant visual and defensive advantages over the sweeping valley. Much of the site is famously covered by a giant protective canopy. 

Xochitécatl is a far older site, dating from the Preclassic period as far back as 700 BCE. It was reused during the height of the Cacaxtla period. The monumental Pyramid of the Flowers and the Pyramid of the Spiral are believed to have been associated with agricultural and feminine cults. Figurines of women and offerings linked to fertility have been excavated from the area.

The site features a museum and trails with interpretive signage to make it a more enriching experience for visitors. 

People get to the Cacaxtla-Xochitécatl site via San Martín Texmelucan in Puebla. San Martín is only about 90 minutes from the east of Mexico City (TAPO) on Trail Travels buses. Most buses from Puebla will depart the capital and head to Tlaxcala city before heading south again to Nativitas.